Tuesday, April 5, 2016

Invert Art

Take a look at this art by a Malaysian artist named Brian Lai.  It is obvious that he is a skilled artist, but it looks unrefined with little detail.


The real genius and detail of his art only comes out when you look at it through a negative lens!



He calls this technique invert art, and he invented it while at art school in Malaysia.  He first draws out a reference sketch with normal coloring.  Then he inverts the colors from the normal sketch.  The hardest part is trying to get the toning right, because without proper toning the negative version will not look as refined.


Remember how Steve Jobs learned calligraphy because he liked it and stored it in his mind, only to retrieve it during the development of the Macintosh.  The typography on the Macintosh is what set it above other computers.  Brian has a similar story; he was thirteen when a friend took a photo of his signature with a negative lens.  Brian was amazed, but did not think twice about it.  Seven years later, when he was in art school that moment came back to him.  He then tried to put that effect into his art, and he created invert art.



In Ward, Finke, and Smith’s paper Visualizing in a Creative way, they wrote, "Infusing subtle details into mental images, scanning the images to make not of the details, and recasting the images to see things in different perspectives can all inspire original discoveries.”  This is exactly what happened to Brian.  He had a mental image of a negative signature, and while in art school he recalled that image and used it to inspire his original discovery. 

Check out this video of how he creates this amazing art.


Sources:
http://briartlai.blogspot.com/
http://www.visualnews.com/2013/12/13/brian-lai-draws-negative-images-become-realistic-inverted/
Week 3- Ward, Finke, Smith

The Man Behind the Lens

Television has revolutionized the way speeches are performed. A large audience is able to access a speech in their own homes and see for themselves every little action a presenter makes. In turn, it is necessary for presenters to try and foster a connection with their audience, and the first way they do this is through eye contact. Nowadays, it is standard for a speaker to look directly into the camera when giving an important address, but this has been made easy through the in-lens teleprompter. Before the in-lens teleprompter, speakers had to either memorize their lines, or know them well enough to not have to constantly look down. This technology was new in the 1950s because there is a small projector atop the rig which sent televised images of the copy to a transparent reflective surface in front of the lens. It was first used by Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz for a filmed Phillip Morris cigarette commercial which aired on I Love Lucy on December 14, 1953. The reason why this technology was premiered through Ball and Arnaz is due to the fact that the creator was Jess Oppenheimer, who was the creative force behind I Love Lucy



Oppenheimer was born in San Franciso on November 11, 1913. When he was in third grade, he was chosen to be a subject in a study about gifted children created by Lewis Terman who was a professor at Stanford University. Ironically, Terman's assistant noted during the study that "I could not detect no signs of a sense of humor". Oppenheimer would go on to study at Stanford himself, but became interested in radio during his junior year. He moved to Hollywood in 1936, and was hired as a comedy writer on Fred Astaire's radio program during his first week there. Oppenheimer went on to write on the popular radio program, The Baby Snooks Show. After that program went off the air, Oppenheimer started to write for a new unsponsored radio show called My Favorite Husband which starred Lucille Ball. The show had 124 episodes that ran from 1948 to 1951. The show marked the beginning of the writing partnership between Oppenheimer with Madelyn Pugh and Bob Caroll Jr. who would go on to write I Love Lucy together. Oppenheimer was the head writer of I Love Lucy for 5 out of its 6 seasons, as well as the producer, and wrote the pilot and 153 episodes with Pugh and Caroll.


 Lucille Ball called Oppenheimer the "brains" of the show. Oppenheimer appeared to have control over every aspect of the show, and his actions helped to create one of the most iconic shows of all time. But with 18 patents under his belt, Oppenheimer proved that his genius lied not only within comedy. As stated by Smith and Ward, creativity does not have to be limited to one field. Creativity can exist in many domains and be done in multiple different ways. The cognition that gives way to creativity cannot be simply defined in one manner, and Oppenheimer is a perfect example of someone who's creativity spread itself out into to what should have been radically different fields, but Oppenheimer was able to thrive in both. 

References:
Oppenheimer, Jess, and Gregg Oppenheimer. Laughs, Luck-- and Lucy: How I Came to Create the Most Popular Sitcom of All Time. New York: Syracuse UP, 1996. Print.
Smith & Ward: Smith, S.M. & Ward, T.B. (2012). Cognition and the creation of ideas. In K. J. Holyoak & R. G. Morrison (Eds.), Oxford handbook of thinking and reasoning. New York: Oxford University Press.

Zaha Hadid: The Intersectional Architect Who Broke Every Career Barrier

Last Thursday, on March 31, world-renowned architect Zaha Hadid died of complications from bronchitis that ended in a fatal heart attack. But it wasn't her death that is important (though certainly heartbreaking); it was her life and her architectural work that will linger on and inspire generations to come. As a Iraqi-born British woman of Muslim faith, Hadid had not one, but three (that are obviously evident) barriers to tackle and break through in order to achieve her dreams and ambitions of becoming a world-famous architect.

Her first completed commission, a firehouse in Germany, was met with great accolades from her fellow architects. But the firefighters hated the oddly shaped, sharp-angled building...and promptly moved out!


The fire house in Germany that's now an event space that can be rented out.

Image result for Contemporary Arts CenterBut Hadid was undeterred, and her next work, a 'relatively modest project' in Cincinnati, OH, for the Rosenthal Center for Contemporary Art, ended up being called "the most important American building to be completed since the end of the Cold War" by none other than the architecture critic for the New York Times, Herbert Muschamp.

Image result for London Aquatics Centre Hadid refused to let such restrictions as a 'modest project' definition keep her from building a genre-defying structure, and that trend would continue until she had smashed every restriction that stood in her way. One of her deepest desires, to be commissioned for buildings in Britain, finally happened when her Aquatic Centers for London's 2012 Summer Olympics were built, a "cathedral for water sports" and a now-city landmark.


Hadid never buckled under the criticisms early-on in her career that her structure were too "self-indulgent and impractical" - she knew what she loved, she knew what she wanted to build, and by God, did she build them, to dazzling finish. Her unwavering belief in her quality of work won her the 2004 Pritzker Architecture Prize...and not only was she the first-ever woman to win it, but she was the first-ever Muslim to win it! Talk about breaking multiple intersectionality barriers.

Image result for BergiselschanzeHadid's formal fluidity" of her work, and the "mobility, speed, and freedom of her structures" spoke to a younger generation who seemed to instinctively understand and resonate with the emotional ambiguity of her structures, such as the odd ways one had to enter the buildings and move through them, and her fellow architects were consistently puzzled at how her structures were even supported and stood up, due to her defying the logic of traditional geometry.

"Architecture is architecture" Hadid once said. "It has its own reason and trajectory. I am non-European, I am a woman, and I don't do conventional work. Sometimes it makes my work much easier, but sometimes it makes it far more difficult."

Image result for dubai opera house

Csikszentmihalyi proposes that "a highly intrinsic motivated state is achieved when people are engaged in an activity where the challenges match their level of skill...a psychological 'high' wherein there are heightened feelings of enjoyment and a centering of concentration" - and that state is definitely achieved by Hadid's structures and work. By not stinting her creativity by succumbing to the pressures of being a 'traditional' architect, and by embracing her gender and religion/ethnicity rather than shunning it, she has achieved the epitome of creativity in her field.

RIP, Zaha Hadid. You will be missed.

Sources:
Collins, M.A., & Amabile, T.M. (1999). Motivation and creativity. In Robert J. Sternberg (Ed.) Handbook of Creativity. New York: Cambridge University Press.
http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/01/arts/design/zaha-hadid-architect-dies.html?rref=collection%2Fsectioncollection%2Farts-international&action=click&contentCollection=international&region=stream&module=stream_unit&version=latest&contentPlacement=4&pgtype=sectionfront

Sunday, April 3, 2016

Meta-Creativity: Creating Books about Creativity


So reads the back cover of Elizabeth Gilbert's most recent book, Big Magic. Gilbert is a well-known writer, born in Connecticut on a small family Christmas-tree farm in 1969. She studied political science at NYU, and wrote short stories in her free time. She has worked as a journalist for Spin, GQ, and The New York Times, published eight novels, and appeared on endless talk shows and podcasts. She has become a writer with worldwide exposure (1).

As she describes in Big Magic, her creative career is a little less glamorous than the bio on her website makes it out to be. She continuously pushed herself to create, bouncing back from rejection after rejection. Gilbert is an example to the creators of today's society: an example of how to unleash your creativity without letting the elitist world full of pressures to produce MORE, do BETTER, and make a HIGHER salary knock you down.

Gilbert is best known for her memoir Eat, Pray, Love, which invites readers to join her on a journey of self-discovery through Italy, India, and Indonesia. In Big Magic, she discusses her surprise at her memoir's success. She didn't write it so that it would rise to the top of the bestselling charts; she wrote it as a way to process her own emotional roller coasters; to record her own realizations and experiences as she set off as an independent woman to travel the world.

In an interview with The Telegraph about reflecting on her bestseller which has now been translated into 46 languages with over 12 million copies sold across the globe, Gilbert humbly explains:

"Some of the reaction to Eat Pray Love has struck me as beautiful, some of it has been hateful, much of it has been incomprehensible – but all of it has been astonishing to me. Millions of women seem to have used the book as a recovery manual for their own heartbreaks and spiritual explorations, which has been magnificent to behold." (2)

Perhaps it is this realization that her memoir was being used as a "recovery manual" that prompted Gilbert to create just that: a manual. A manual about creativity, to be exact. Through her characteristic witty, simplistic style, Gilbert discusses how to share your creativity with the world and still be able to financially live a comfortable life, her own take on the conception and transfer of ideas, the complex workings of fear, excitement, intuition, and the unknown.

Big Magic, wrapped in a whimsically colorful book jacket**, is some form of creative-ception: a creative collection of chapters discussing the process of creating.  Most creations require you to search elsewhere for an understanding of the creator's process, their sources of inspiration, and the unfolding of such complex minds. With Big Magic, Gilbert has done the work for us.

**I stumbled upon a video that shows the complex creation of this cover. At first glance, it is surely just a photoshopped explosion of color and popping white letters. But this behind-the-scenes look will make you appreciate the creative attention spent on this cover all the more: http://www.elizabethgilbert.com

Gilbert takes readers through multiple facets of creativity, but the most interesting to me was her idea about ideas. (Do you sense a meta theme going on here?) Gilbert describes ideas in a way that many traditional, narrow-minded people would scoff at. Perhaps even scream about. But she follows her own advice to be brave and does it anyway. According to Gilbert, ideas are "a disembodied, energetic life form." (3)  She describes ideas as things with no consciousness, but "most certainly [with] will."  These ideas move around the world, seeking an artist to help them become realized. Sometimes they plant themselves in the right head, and are attended to right away. But sometimes these ideas are neglected, and if they are ignored for too long, they will simply move on until they are picked up by someone new. It's an abstract concept, but whether you can grasp the idea of ideas being their own self-willed beings or not, Gilbert's ideas coincide with Nancy C. Andreasen's findings about creativity and the unconscious.

 When analyzing creativity, it is common to discuss the 'eureka moment'—the moment in which one is overwhelmed with an idea or a solution to a problem. Gilbert would describe this moment as the point in time when an idea enters someone's brain and they latch on to it and commit to materialize it. Andreasen describes the creative process that can be generalized to a variety of creative processes, from finding a scientific solution to writing a poem. Andreasen's explanations and Gilbert's paralleled ideas are below:

The Creative Process (4).

1. Preparation: a time when basic information or skills are assembled
             Gilbert's connection: an idea moves around the world, seeking someone to take it on
2. Incubation: a time where the person does not work consciously to solve a problem, but UNCONSCIOUS connections are being made
             Gilbert's connection: an idea enters a person's brain and hangs around to see if the person  
             will manifest it
3. Inspiration: the eureka moment!
             Gilbert's connection: the moment where the person realizes the idea is there and decides to 
             COMMIT to it!
4. Production: insights are put into a useful form
             Gilbert's connection: the creator works to move this idea from their own minds to a product
             that is accessible and visible to the world around them 

More than likely, Gilbert contracted the idea for Big Magic through a series of realizations and ideas that came from her previous novels. But perhaps, this idea began as a disembodied life form that found its way into Gilbert's unconscious. The Washington Post suggests the double-edged sword of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation that drove Gilbert to write Big Magic:

"You can read…Big Magic as a love letter to her fans and a coded kiss-off to her critics." (3) 


Maybe she wrote Big Magic to guide her readers who were already using her work as self-guide books. Perhaps it is written to tell critics that she doesn't care what they think; that she will unleash her creativity into the world simply because it is WITHIN her, trying to burst out.

Either way, Gilbert provides a thought-provoking creation about creativity, encouraging readers to open their awareness to new ideas and create not without fear, but with a certain respect for the small role that fear can play.



“You can measure your worth by your dedication to your path, not by your successes or failures…You can battle your demons (through therapy, recovery, prayer, or humility) instead of battling your gifts — in part by realizing that your demons were never the ones doing the work, anyhow.” (3)



Works Cited: